Data Sources & Technical Standards
The official civil engineering manuals and aggregate test standards cited across our calculations.
- ASTM C29 / C29M — Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density and Voids in Aggregate, American Society for Testing and Materials.
- ASTM C33 / C33M — Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
Defines standard sieve gradation sizing for #57 Stone, #8 Stone, and coarse aggregates.
- Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) — Gravel Roads Construction and Maintenance Guide
U.S. Department of Transportation publication on aggregate base compaction, crown slopes, and dense grade specifications.
- National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association (NSSGA) Aggregate Handbook
Technical references on specific gravity, void ratios, and moisture retention in crushed limestone and granite.